验货的英文

Introduction

在全球贸易中，验货（Inspection）是确保产品质量和符合合同要求的关键环节。无论是进出口贸易、跨境电商还是制造业，掌握验货相关的英文术语和标准流程都至关重要。本文将系统介绍验货的英文表达、常见国际验货标准以及实用场景对话，帮助从业者提升专业沟通能力。

1. Key English Terms for Inspection

(1) Basic Vocabulary

• Inspection (验货): The process of checking product quality.

• QC (Quality Control, 质量控制): Procedures to maintain product standards.

• AQL (Acceptable Quality Level, 可接受质量水平): Sampling standard (e.g., AQL 1.5).

• Defect (缺陷): Non-conforming product (Critical/Major/Minor defects).

• Non-conformance (不合格): Failure to meet requirements.

(2) Inspection Types

• Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI, 出货前检验): Final check before shipment.

• During Production Inspection (DPI, 生产中期检验): Monitor production progress.

• Initial Production Inspection (IPI, 产前检验): Verify raw materials and samples.

• Loading Supervision (监装): Ensure correct cargo loading.

(3) Tools & Methods

• Calipers (卡尺): Measure dimensions.

• Colorimeter (色差仪): Check color consistency.

• Drop Test (跌落测试): Simulate transportation impacts.

2. International Inspection Standards

• ISO 2859-1: AQL sampling standards.

• ANSI/ASQ Z1.4: Widely used in U.S. manufacturing.

• BS 6001: British sampling procedures.

3. Sample Inspection Report (Excerpt)

4. Practical Dialogue Examples

场景1: 讨论验货结果

• Client: “The inspection found 5% major defects. How will you rectify this?”

• Supplier: “We’ll rework all defective units and arrange a re-inspection.”

场景2: 要求验货服务

• “We need a third-party inspection for our shipment to Germany, focusing on EN 71-3 toy safety standards.”

5. Tips for Effective Inspection Communication

• Clarify acceptance criteria (e.g., “Zero tolerance for critical defects”).

• Use visual aids (photos/videos) to document issues.

• Specify report format (PDF/Excel) in contracts.

Conclusion

Mastering inspection-related English is essential for global trade. By understanding key terms, standards, and practical dialogues, businesses can minimize risks and enhance cross-border collaboration.